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INNOVATION DISTINGUISHES
BETWEEN A LEADER AND A
FOLLOWER.”

Design 360 LLC is a young practice based in Dubai, U.A.E, represents the vanguard of future-forward design.

The essence or our way is address fundamentals through intense programming, offer solutions that balance wit and wisdom, keep it fresh and never lose the visual appeal. The focus is always on the context, the constraints and the opporttunity that project presents. We like to create designs that maximize the positive impact of design on the environment, use appropriate technologies & materials and source labor locally.

The studio undertakes multi disciplinary practice with a rapidly growing eclectic portfolio of projects comprising coporate offices, banks, malls, retail outlets, resorts, spas, hotels, reataurants, lounges, nightclubs, furniture and even industrial products.

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accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsa m voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit,

Treatments

Dentists provide a wide range of treatments aimed at maintaining oral health and treating dental issues. Teeth Whitening | Dentures | Root Canal Orthodontic Maxillofacial | Laser Dentistry | Cosmetic Dentistry | Dental Veneers Smile Makeover | Dental Bridges | Dental Implants | Dental Crowns...

Teeth Whitening

What IS TEETH WHITENING?

Teeth whitening is a process of removing stains that stick on to the enamel, it is bleaching process used to get rid of the discolouration of the teeth. There are different ways of teeth whitening, some people go for bleaching sessions at the dental clinic, some buy over the counter products and very few people go for cosmetic treatment. Teeth whitening treatment is not permanent, though the results are effective and noticeable. It requires a lot of care and oral hygiene.

WHAT ARE TOOTH STAINS?

There are 2 types of staining of teeth: extrinsic and intrinsic staining. Extrinsic stains appear on the teeth surface. The main reason for this is exposure/drinking dark-coloured beverages, tobacco, food and the routine wearing of teeth. Minor stains can be removed while brushing. Some stains are stubborn and require teeth bleaching. Persistent stains penetrate deep inside the teeth and require special efforts to get removed and if proper attention is not paid such stains can become permanent. Intrinsic stains appear inside the teeth. Such stains result from aging, trauma, exposure to minerals at the time of tooth formation /excessive intake of fluoride through injection. Earlier it was believed that intrinsic stains could not be removed by bleaching, but now cosmetic dentistry has changed this thinking and doctors believe that deep stains in the teeth can also be removed with the help of take-home teeth whitening and regular supervision of the dentist.

WHAT RESULTS IN STAINTS?

Various factors cause stains such as:

  • AGE – The colour of the teeth depends upon the age, as one grows older the colour of the teeth becomes darker and the stains become stubborn e.g. Teeth whitening will show dramatic results for teenagers but the results change at the age of 50 because the stains become stubborn.
  • Eating habits-consumption of red wine, tea, coffee, carrot, colas, oranges and deep coloured beverages causes staining of teeth over the years. Moreover citrus fruits as well as vinegar results in erosion of the enamel.
  • Smoking habits result in intrinsic stains.
  • Consumption of drugs/chemicals at the time of tooth formation results in the formation of a grey line which is hard to remove.
  • Grinding of teeth results in micro cracking of teeth by which the tooth edges become dark.


WHAT ARE THE TEETH WHITENING OPTIONS AVAILABLE?

There are 3 main whitening options

In-Office | Such type of whitening gives significant results in very less time. The high concentration of peroxide gel is used on teeth after the gums are protected with applying paint on a rubber dam. Stubborn stains may require one more session.

Take-Home Whitening Kits | Such professional kits use a lower concentration of peroxide gel but gives great results after a long time. The gel is applied with the help of custom made trays (bleaching trays) that look like mouth guards.

Over-the-Counter | This is the cheapest & convenient way of teeth whitening as it involves buying of whitening kit from the store. This kit has a bleaching gel, which is applied with the help of whitening strips, paints applied on applicators, trays. This method may only whiten the front teeth and not the entire smile.

WHAT ARE THE RISK INVOLVED?

  • Bleaching can result in temporary sensitivity in the teeth to hot/cold, touch and pressure.
  • Gum irritation is a common feature and it tends to last for say a week.
  • Bonding, crowns, veneers and restoration are not affected by bleaching and these results in Technicolor teeth.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dentures

What IS Dentures?

Dentures are constructed by the dentist to replace the missing teeth. They are also called false teeth and get support from the surrounding hard/soft tissues of the oral cavity. Dentures used earlier were removable, but now dentures are available in different designs. Dentures are of 2 types i.e. dentures replacing missing teeth on maxillary/mandibular arch.


WHAT ARE TOOTH STAINS?

There are 2 types of staining of teeth: extrinsic and intrinsic staining. Extrinsic stains appear on the teeth surface. The main reason for this is exposure/drinking dark-coloured beverages, tobacco, food and the routine wearing of teeth. Minor stains can be removed while brushing. Some stains are stubborn and require teeth bleaching. Persistent stains penetrate deep inside the teeth and require special efforts to get removed and if proper attention is not paid such stains can become permanent. Intrinsic stains appear inside the teeth. Such stains result from aging, trauma, exposure to minerals at the time of tooth formation /excessive intake of fluoride through injection. Earlier it was believed that intrinsic stains could not be removed by bleaching, but now cosmetic dentistry has changed this thinking and doctors believe that deep stains in the teeth can also be removed with the help of take-home teeth whitening and regular supervision of the dentist.

WHAT RESULTS IN STAINTS?

Dentures help people in many ways such as,

  • Dentures replace teeth in edentulous areas which help one to chew food easily.
  • Dentures make one feel better about his/ her appearance, which in turn increases self-esteem and self-confidence.
  • Dentures improve facial appearance by giving support to cheeks and lips
  • People are able to speak better as the missing teeth have been replaced and the gap has been filled.


what are the different types of dentures available?

There are 2 types of dentures i.e. complete dentures and removable partial dentures. Complete dentures are used by patients who do not have any teeth in a single arch (upper or maxillary / lower or mandibular arch).

​

Patients that have some missing teeth in an arch use removable partial dentures. Bridges and crowns are referred to as fixed partial dentures. Bridges are more stable and expensive. Crowns are mounted on to the remaining teeth which replace the missing teeth and fills up the gap.

 

is it difficult to eat after putting dentures?

Initially, eating requires practice. One should start eating soft food that is cut into small bites. Food should be chewed using both sides to avoid tripping of dentures. The quantity of food can be gradually increased. One should not chew hard/ hot food, biting hard objects should be avoided.

how to take care of the dentures?

Dentures should be cleaned regularly as tarter/plaque can get accumulated on false teeth. One should brush the denture after every meal. Bleaching agents should be avoided as they may discolour the acrylic of the gum line.

is denture  adhesive a solution to old/loose denture?

Denture adhesive is used for extra retention and support to a well-fitted denture. Loose dentures should be replaced or realigned immediately because loose dentures can cause irritation and develop sores. One should consult the dentist immediately. Denture adhesive should never be used for loose teeth.

What is the life of denture?

Dentures can last for say 5 to 10 years. Gums and teeth continue to change shape (when there are no teeth) for the whole life. Dentures are constructed and are artificial and so their shape does not change with the mouth, as a result, they need to be adjusted or replaced after a few years. Continuous visits to the dentist are recommended so that there is no major problem which cannot be identified by the patient.

what factors determine the cost of the denture?

The cost depends on the personnel skill of the dentist, type of denture to be constructed, location of the dental clinic etc. Dentures are in high demand and have become mainstream that one can find the best price for the denture

 
 
 
Root Canal


What is root canal?

Do you have an abscessed tooth or a tooth that is infected? Are you in pain and need an immediate solution? It’s very important to see your dentist as soon as possible so that you can get to the root of the matter and get rid of the pain and the infection. Root canal treatment also known as endodontic therapy can be treated by an endodontist who can restore the condition the tooth back to normal with expertise and experience. An endodontist specializes in Endodontics which is a branch of dentistry and has the skill and know-how to diagnose and treat a problem that needs root canal therapy. There are many reasons for the tooth to get infected but the main cause is bacteria which can enter a tooth or teeth through a gap, decay, a fracture or through a filling that has broken down. As there are millions of bacteria present in the mouth, the teeth must be kept in good condition as bacteria can cause the tooth to become diseased or pathologic.
 
 
Offers immediate relief
Root canal treatment or endodontic therapy is necessary for patients who have pain while chewing or biting food, sudden intense pain in the tooth, an unexpected pain in the infected tooth that wakes them up at night or a nagging pain. Patients who need root canal treatment have sensitivity to cold or hot beverages and/or foods, a tooth that is loose or is shaking, a specific or a single tooth that is more sensitive than the other teeth, a pain that lasts approximately four to six weeks after a filling or the replacement of a filling. In some cases, patients go through pain or pressure in the region of the eyes, neck and ears or there may be a soft bubble or pimple on the gum that leaks out pus or blood when pressed. As the bacteria eat its way into the dental pulp which is located in the middle of the centre of the tooth, it infects and destroys the nerves, the blood and the lymph vessels. With exposure to the bacteria, the dental pulp will become diseased and a deep cavity or a fracture would form resulting in the loss of vital functions and would die or become totally inefficient.
 
The efficiency
As an effective therapy, root canal treatment helps the patient in many ways. Making the patient feel comfortable and at ease in the dentist’s chair, the endodontist would at first numb the infected area before placing a rubber dam. The endodontist would make an opening to remove the infected pulp through the crown of the tooth. The canals of the teeth or the tooth would be cleaned with small dental instruments or files alternated with hand-held or mechanical instruments with irrigants. The endodontist would shape the canal to the required size which would be filled with gutta-percha which is a purified rubbery sap from Malaysian trees which is approved and certified by the ADA and an endodontic sealer. The cavity would be filled with medications for healing and a filling that is temporary so that the liquid that is infected can drain out. Antibiotics would be prescribed to quicken the healing process and avoid further infection. The second visit to the dentist would involve the removal of the temporary filling with a permanent one and the tooth or teeth would be recapped with a gold or porcelain crown.
 
Gives permanent dental solutions
Patients suffering from any teeth ailment must realize that it’s important to retain one’s original teeth to prevent disease and harm to the rest of the body. Root canal treatment as a beneficial therapy helps the patient to retain their original teeth or tooth and prevents TMJ pain, bite problems and movement of adjacent teeth that would lead to harmful results.
 
 
Orthodontic


WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ORTHODONTICS?

It is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on prevention as well as treatment of misalignment of teeth and facial irregularities/abnormalities.
 
 

WHO ARE ORTHODONTISTS?

The dentist who specializes in the process of orthodontics is called orthodontists. They are specially qualified and do extensive 3 year of specialized study in orthodontic program
 
 

WHO ARE THE CANDIDATES OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT?

One who has got misaligned teeth, crowded teeth, buck teeth, overlapping of teeth and gap between the teeth are the candidates of orthodontic treatment.
 
 

WHAT DOES THE ORTHODONTIST DO?

Normally the irregularity of the teeth is corrected by putting braces.
 
 

WHAT STEPS ARE FOLLOWED IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT?

Firstly a record is made before the treatment starts, which serves as a tool for the orthodontist. This includes medical history, plaster models of the teeth are studied, clinical examination, photos of teeth as well as x-rays of head and mouth.

The second step is to plan the treatment. This varies acc. to individual patients requirement. Then appliances which are to be used are put in place, this is an active phase. These appliances are periodically adjusted just to make sure that the teeth are moving in the right direction. The third is the retention phase in which the patient is required to wear a retainer so that teeth retain their new place/position.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF ORTHODONTICS?

Orthodontics can change the teeth as well as the whole facial structure. BY aligning teeth one gets the correct functioning of the jaw and an attractive smile. Teeth can be cleaned easily and the chances of gum diseases are reduced moreover orthodontic treatment enhances the self-confidence of an individual.

WHY TEETH BECOME IRREGULAR?

The misalignment of teeth because of thumb sucking, small jaw, incompetent lips, bad tongue and lip habits, nail-biting, injury etc.


AT WHAT AGE ONE CAN GO FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT?

Acc to experts a child at the age of 7 should be brought to an orthodontist because this is the time when the new teeth erupt and after evaluating the teeth necessary treatment can be done(i.e. to prevent any severe problem in future). This is referred to as phase I treatment. The phase I treatment is for 12-21months. After this dentist gives a rest period in which the eruption and formation of the teeth are monitored. Then in phase II when the child turns 12-13 full braces can be put if the teeth are still not in the right shape.

DO ADULTS GO FOR THIS TREATMENT?

In fact, mostly the adults go for it because they want to look good and confident. There is no age bar for putting on braces.


WHAT TYPES OF BRACES ARE AVAILABLE?

There are 3 types of braces i.e. metallic, ceramic and Invisalign. Metal braces are conventional and most commonly used. Ceramic is very popular with adults as they look good and match the teeth colour. Invisalign are invisible and can also be removed. They are very comfortable as there is no use of metal brackets and wires.


HOW MUCH TIME IS REQUIRED FOR THE TREATMENT?

On an average 22 months, time is required but the time depends on individual need and problem.

 
 
Oral & Maxillofacial


WHAT IS THE MEANING OF MAXILLOFACIAL?

Maxillofacial means jaws and face, which combines with mouth becomes the domain/area of specialization of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
 
 

WHAT IS ORAL TREATMENT/SurGERY?

This is a branch of dentistry which deals in diagnosing and surgically treating injuries, diseases, defects of jaws, mouth, face etc. This also includes dental implants, removing decayed teeth, biopsy and taking of cysts as well as tumours of jaw and mouth, treating facial trauma and jaw reconstruction.
 
 


WHAT TREATMENT/PROCEDURES ARE FOLLOWED?

  • Placement of dental implants which replaces single/several teeth as well as entire teeth in the mouth. Dental implants are very comfortable and last for a long time than the conventional dentures.
  • Reconstructive surgery which addresses injuries in lower, upper jaws of the soft and hard tissues which are the result of trauma, accident, long time of wearing dentures, tumour surgery.
  • Treatment of maxillofacial infections. Such infections are diagnosed and then treated as they are very dangerous and can cause severe emergencies if not treated properly, timely and effectively.
  • Treating injuries to face, teeth, mouth, jaws caused because of trauma. Surgeons are expert to treat trauma which also includes upper and lower fractures of the jaws and orbit.
  • Surgeries to correct facial and oral deformities due to difference in the skeletal growth between lower and upper jaws, congenital disorders(such as palate, cleft lip) which is the result of improper growth of oral-nasal cavity at the time of fetal development.
  • Surgeons are capable of reconstructing facial structure, hence can perform facial cosmetic procedures in their office.
 
 

HOW IMPORTANT IS IT TO BE a BOARD CERTIFIED?

One should graduate from an accredited school of dentistry and completed the program of oral and maxillofacial surgery which is passed by ADA. It requires 13 years of training and education.ADA recognizes a board for oral and maxillofacial surgery which has the responsibility to review all the applicants that need board certification. The board also administers examinations for the certification process. It is written as well as oral examination, and when one clears both then only he is certified as a diplomate by the board. Diplomates are motivated to continue education to improve their skills.

DOES THE TREATMENT REQUIRE X-RAYS?

X-rays are always taken before the treatment begins as it gives a clear picture of the disorder in the teeth or the bones.

 
 
Laser Dentistry

WHAT IS LASER DENTISTRY?

Laser dentistry is an effective and precise way of performing various dental procedures. Laser dentistry has the potential to improve various dental procedures, but all depends on the personnel skill of the dentist i.e. his ability and skill to control the exposure of laser on the gum as well as the teeth surface, and control over power output. Special care is required as the laser should not damage the surrounding tissues.
 
 
WHAT ARE BENEFITS OF LASER DENTISTRY?
  • it does not damage the surrounding tissues
  • some laser dentistry procedures are done without anaesthesia
  • chances of bacterial infection are less because the area on which work is done is exposed to a high light beam
  • The procedures which use soft tissues laser do not require stitches
  • There is very less bleeding because high light beam results in the clotting of blood which reduces blood loss.
  • Wounds heal up faster and there is regeneration of tissues.


HOW DOES THE DENTIST USE THE TECHNIQUE OF LASER DENTISTRY?

The dentists use the hydroponics technique which uses the combination of laser energy as well as a spray of water that help in performing various procedures on gums, teeth and teeth bones more easily. The laser energy is absorbed by molecules of water present in the tooth tissues. The laser energy causes an explosion because the water molecules expand which in turn moves apart from the tooth particle.
 
 

DOES LASER DENTISTRY HELP IN CURING GUM DISEASES?

Yes, laser dentistry helps to treat gum diseases by first targeting and then vaporizing the gum tissues. Laser dentistry is very much better than the traditional procedures that cut the tissues using scalpels. The laser is used to vaporize only diseased tissues which leave the tissues healthy and free of diseases.
 
 

HOW MUCH RECOVERY TIME IS REQUIRED AFTER LASER GUM TREATMENT?

The laser automatically forms clots/it seals the blood vessels as well the nerve ending. One can return back to work immediately after the treatment and there is no downtime. Hence it is very convenient and comfortable for the patient as there is no recovery time.
 


IS LASER USED FOR ALL DENTISTRY?

Lasers reflect light with the help of a mirror hence it gets difficult /impossible to remove the silver filling i.e. amalgam filling as there are chances of fracture of a mirror. The conventional drill removes the amalgam filling in the first instance. Then the laser is used to remove decay and the cavity that allows the placement of tooth colour filling. Combination of conventional drill and laser is used for extensive works such as preparation of a crown.
 
 


HOW COSTLY IS LASER THERAPY?

The cost factor depends on the personnel skill of the dentist i.e. how efficiently and skillfully the light energy is used, the location of the dental clinic as well as individual requirement. In some cases, laser therapy has proved to be much cheaper than gum surgeries. Some insurance companies also cover laser therapy, but this should be checked before going for the treatment.
 
Cosmetic Dentistry

WHAT IS COSMETIC DENTISTRY?

Cosmetic dentistry is the branch of science which works on enhancing the appearance of the teeth. It improves the aesthetics of one’s teeth by using various techniques such as teeth whitening, dental veneers, Invisalign, TMJ treatment. Moreover, cosmetic dentistry helps to keep good oral hygiene and healthy teeth.
 
 


WHAT IS INVISALIGN?

Invisalign is one of the techniques of cosmetic dentistry in which braces are used to align the teeth, but they are not visible. Conventional braces were visible and affected the smile. The invisible braces solve both the purpose, firstly they align the teeth and are not visible which improves one’s appearance and makes the smile attractive. Visible braces look ugly and unpleasant.
 
 

WHAT ARE TEETH WHITENING?

Sometimes due to bad eating habits, consumption of alcohol, smoking, intake of fluoride, red wine, colourful beverages etc causes discolouration of teeth. Stained teeth hamper one’s appearance and smile. With the help of teeth whitening technique, the impurities are oxidized. Hard stains are difficult to remove with brush, but they need proper treatment in which the oxidizing agents come in contact with the teeth. Special care should be taken as oxidizing agents are harmful to the gums. A qualified and skilled doctor can only perform this technique.
 
 


WHAT ARE VENEERS?

Veneers are a thin layer made of porcelain which is bonded to the front of the teeth by reducing the enamel. A veneer is a wafer-like and it matches the colour of the surrounding teeth. It helps to conceal deformed/chipped teeth or yellow teeth. It is a technique to improve one’s appearance and get an attractive smile.
 
 


WHAT IS TMJ TREATMENT?

It is a technique of cosmetic dentistry used to improve/correct facial shape.
 
 


DO COSMETIC DENTISTRY PROCEDURES REQUIRE SEDATION?

Yes, cosmetic dentistry requires sedation but the level required is governed by various factors such as the procedure used, personnel health& pre-medical history and how familiar the dentist is with sedation.
 
 

CAN IT PERFORM ON PEOPLE WHO SMOKE?

Smoking is not good for teeth; people who smoke have the problem of gum diseases, oral, throat, lung cancer, loss of dental bone structure etc. Smokers have a problem in the dental implant as gums are unhealthy and there is a failure in integration with gum tissues. One should quit smoking before going for a dental implant. Teeth whitening also loses its impact if a person continues to smoke.
 
 


IS IT SUITABLE FOR CHILDREN/TEENAGERS?

Children and teenagers want to look good and attractive; this improves their confidence and self-esteem. If there are some specific problem cosmetic dentistry procedures can be performed, but some factors should be kept in mind such as the age of the child and time of teeth formation and development of the arch. Children should consult a dentist who can guide them properly.
 
 

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF COSMETIC DENTISTRY?

Cosmetic dentistry has improved the way the people live; their quality of life has become better. By enhancing one’s appearance a person feels confidence and this boosts his self-esteem. People feel social humiliation if they have a bad set of teeth, but cosmetic dentistry solves the problem of ugly teeth by using various techniques.
 
Dental Veneers

WHAT ARE DENTAL VENEERS?

Veneers are laminates made up of ceramic, porcelain, composite bonding materials. They ate very thin like a wafer and are bonded over the visible portion of the teeth to enhance the appearance. A dentist uses it to correct misaligned teeth, discoloured teeth and worn out enamel. Veneers are suitable for people who like to improve the aesthetics of teeth.
 
 

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF VENEERS?

Veneers last for a long time and moreover they require very little tooth preparation. They look very natural and healthy.
 
 

HOW LONG CAN VENEERS LAST?

Dental veneers can last for say 10 to 15 years (or even more), after that they need replacement. Veneers need proper care and maintenance, only then they will continue to give an attractive smile for years.
 
 

WHAT KIND OF TOOTH PREPARATION IS INVOLVED?

For a strong bond between the teeth and the veneer, the enamel has to be reduced. The dentist reduces the enamel and takes the impression of the teeth, and then it is sent to the lab where the veneer is made. The thickness of the veneer is the same as the amount of veneer reduced. Hence the veneer looks very natural, as its colour is made identical to the surrounding teeth.
 
 

IS THE PROCESS OF ATTACHING VENEER PAINFUL?

The patient does not experience any pain, but there is some amount of discomfort when the enamel is reduced. The dentist gives an anaesthesia before filing and reshaping the teeth, but there is no pain when the veneer is attached. Sensitivity to cold/ hot can be felt after the veneer is fitted.
 
 

WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES TO VENEERS?

Dental veneers are used to enhance the appearance of an individual, it is the part of cosmetic dentistry. In case of repairing of teeth, straightening of teeth veneers are not suitable and dental crowns is the best choice. An alternative to dental veneers is LUNINEERS. They are removable and provides an artificial coating to the teeth.
 
 

HOW MANY VISITS ARE REQUIRED?

Dental veneers require a number of visits. In the first visit, the patient consults the dentist, wherein the dentist examines the teeth, discusses the entire procedure to be performed as well as estimates the cost of the whole process. In the second visit tooth preparation is done. The dentist numbs the teeth which have to be reduced. After teeth are prepared an impression is taken with the help of dental wax/ putty. The impression/mould is sent to the laboratory where the veneer is created.After2/3 weeks the veneer is prepared and then it is bonded to the teeth (after proper cleaning of the teeth) with the help of a special light that activates the cement. Lastly, the dentist will polish the teeth.
 
 

HOW TO TAKE CARE ONCE A VENEER IS PLACED?

Proper dental hygiene should be maintained. Brushing twice a day is a must; a regular visit to the dentist will keep veneers in good shape. Some dentist recommends regular polishing of the veneer within a year. Biting hard objects as well as grinding of teeth should be avoided.
 
Smile Makeover
WHAT IS A SMILE MAKEOVER?
A smile makeover is a part of cosmetic dentistry and varies from person to person. A smile makeover consists of many individual procedures such as teeth whitening, straightening of teeth, repairing as well as replacement of teeth, dental bonding, and porcelain veneers etc. This makeover is quite often called extreme makeover as the results are so dramatic.
 
 
 
HOW IMPORTANT IS SMILE MAKEOVER FOR PEOPLE?
It is generally seen that more than 75 % of the people avoid smiling when a photo is being clicked. A smile makeover helps in increasing the confidence of an individual. A good smile influences people psychologically and also helps to judge people. An attractive smile also has a positive impact on one’s romantic life.
 
 
 
WHAT FACTORS SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND TO GET NATURAL RESULTS?
Factors such as gender, age, lifestyle, the structure of the face should be taken care of by the dentist before going for a smile makeover.
 
 

WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURES USED FOR A SMILE MAKEOVER?
Procedures such as porcelain crowns, tooth whitening, bonding, porcelain veneers etc are the most common procedures used. Though the final decision depends upon the time the patient can spare as well as the features he would like to change. A smile makeover can:-
 
 
  • Repair broken, chipped teeth by porcelain crowns, veneers and cosmetic bonding.
  • Straightening of crooked teeth
  • Missing teeth can be replaced and the gap is filled with the help of dental implants, dentures, braces.
  • For a gummy smile a surgery/ laser is the best way to get an attractive smile
  • Teeth whitening can help whiten stained teeth
  • Lumineers can be used to fill up the gap between the teeth.
FOR HOW LONG DOES THE SMILE LAST?
Proper maintenance of the teeth and regular checkups will help the smile makeover to last for several years. The materials used for the makeover are very strong and resistant to breakage and wear. Hence they are more durable than one’s natural teeth.
 
 
Proper maintenance of the teeth and regular checkups will help the smile makeover?
The number of visits is not fixed and varies from person to person. Everyone has got individual goals and expectations of the final result. Proper consultation with the dentist is a must. The doctor should have a clear picture in his mind, as to what is your personnel liking and desire. After proper discussion, the dentist will figure out the whole process and make the patient clear about the cost of the makeover as well as the number of visits required.
 
 
WHAT IS THE COST OF A SMILE MAKEOVER?
The cost depends on the quality of material used by the dentist, personnel skill of the cosmetic dentist and the type of clinic from where the treatment is done.
 
 
IS THE SMILE MAKEOVER COVERED UNDER INSURANCE?
A smile makeover is normally not covered under insurance as it is a cosmetic treatment and is done to improve one’s appearance.
 
Dental Bridges
WHAT ARE DENTAL BRIDGES & WHEN ARE THEY USED?
Dental bridges are used in case of a missing tooth, they are false teeth also called pontics . Dental bridges fill up the gap created by a missing tooth which helps in reducing dental problems, tooth drift and gum diseases. Traditionally removable dentures were used, which were not permanent, but dental bridges are permanent as they are anchored to the teeth with the help of metal bands held by Cement or resin.
 
 
WHAT TYPE OF MATERIAL IS USED FOR DENTAL BRIDGES?
Materials used include porcelain, gold fused with the metal, or in many situations only porcelain is used. The type and amount of teeth reduction depend on the type of materials used.
 
 
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF BRIDGES USED?
Three types of bridges are used fixed, cantilever and resin-bonded bridges.

Two main factors decide the type of bridge to be used i.e. the positioning of the gap as well as the teeth situated on either side of the gap.

 

Fixed Bridges

These bridges fill up the gap anywhere in the mouth. In this, a false tooth is anchored to a new crown which is attached to the teeth situated at either side of the gap. Crowns are made of porcelain and the new teeth are made up of porcelain or ceramic.

 

Cantilever Bridges

These dental bridges are used when there is only one healthy tooth at one side of the gap. This bridge is anchored to one or more than one teeth, on one side only. Such bridges are suitable for front teeth i.e. low-stress bridges.

 

Resin-Bonded Bridges

These bridges do not require crowning of the adjacent teeth, hence are appropriate where there is little or no damage..The new tooth is made up of plastic which is attached with the help of metal bands to adjacent teeth through the resin. Such bridges are well suited for fewer stress teeth such as front teeth where the bonding can be done behind the teeth which make the bridge out of view.


HOW CAN THE BRIDGE BE FITTED?
Bridges require at least 2/3 visits to the dentist. In the first visit, space is made for the new crown. This preparatory work is done for a fixed bridge. The dentist takes a mould of the teeth with the help of which the bridge is made. In the second visit the bridge is fitted and it is adjusted to get a correct bite. Once the patient is comfortable with the bridge it is permanently fixed.
 
WHAT TYPE OF CARE IS REQUIRED AFTER THE BRIDGE IS FITTED?
A strict dental hygiene regime has to be followed. Debris can get accumulated, as there is gap between and beneath the bridge i.e. the false teeth. The adjacent teeth require special care as the bridge rests on them. If regular cleaning and flossing is not done the teeth may fall off. Special tools are there to clean awkward areas & the dentist can help you use them.
 
WHAT IS THE COST INVOLVED?
It is expensive & the cost depends on the type of material used & the number of visits.
 
WHAT IS THE ALTERNATIVE TO DENTAL BRIDGES?
An alternative to bridges is dentures/ implants.
 
Dental Implants
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF DENTAL IMPLANT?
A dental implant is a manmade replacement in place of the natural teeth which enables a person to have fixed teeth. Dental implants are different from transplants taken from others. What category of dental transplant is suitable for a patient depends on the individual need and condition of the teeth. An x-ray is required to check the number of bones remaining; space available in the mouth. The dentist does an examination before finalizing which type of implant should be done.
 
WHO ARE THE CANDIDATES FOR DENTAL IMPLANT?
People who are missing teeth may it be one or all are candidates for an implant. If a person is missing 1 or few teeth then dental implants along with a crown /bridge can be used to replace the missing teeth and these manmade teeth function as good as natural teeth and there is no further loss of bones and decay. If a person is missing all teeth then the implant is used to anchor a loose denture. In some cases when bones are lost; bones can be regenerated with the technique of bone expansion which further helps in implants.
 
 
HOW MUCH DOES AN IMPLANT COST?
The cost can be determined after a thorough examination and recording of the individual case. Moreover, personnel skill of the dentist, location of the clinic and individual requirement determine the cost of an implant.
 
HOW MUCH TIME IS REQUIRED?
A dental implant is an advance procedure hence it takes time of say 4-9 months or even more depending upon the individual case. The dentist does provide temporary teeth during this period and the patient is never without teeth.
 

IS THE TREATMENT PAINFUL?
There is a little discomfort at the time of the procedure but patient sedation and anaesthesia are used to reduce the discomfort. Most of the patients experience pain for 2-3 days after the implant/surgery. Dentists also give medicines to reduce pain and avoid any type of discomfort.
 
 
ARE THERE ANY CHANCES OF REJECTION?
The body can reject soft tissue transplants i.e. kidney, lung, heart transplant but there is no rejection to the dental implant by the body. There are chances of failure because of factors such as lack of focus on implant/some other condition, misalignment or diseases the patient suffers from. Dental implants use titanium material that is biocompatible i.e. it is compatible with the tissues of the body. Titanium is widely used nowadays to replace parts of the body.
 

WHEN CAN I RESUME WORK?
The patient experiences discomfort and swelling on the day of surgery as well a day after the surgery. The patient is advised not to do any strenuous exercise. The decision to resume work depends on an individual.
 
 

WHAT SIDE EFFECTS ONE HAS TO FACE WITHOUT A DENTAL IMPLANT?

When a person loses teeth the bones of the teeth also become weak and after some time these bones disappear other problems emerge such as:-

The adjacent teeth become week and there is no support for partials, dentures and bridges. These further results in pain, mobile tissues of the gum, sore spots, painful ridges, lack of retention etc.

The tongue also enlarges as it accommodates the space of missing teeth.

The diet changes and one has to survive on soft food.

Bone loss results in numbness of lower lips and there are chances of jaw fracture.

Bone loss makes the adjacent bones weak which causes falling of nearby teeth.

Hence one should start the treatment at an early stage because the problem becomes more severe if the treatment is delayed.

 
Dental Crowns
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DENTAL CROWNS?
Dental crown works like a cap which is tooth-shaped and is placed over the teeth. It covers the teeth and restores its shape, strength, size and moreover improves one’s appearance. Crown is cemented over the gum line and it covers the whole teeth making it completely invisible.
 
 
WHY DO WE REQUIRE DENTAL CROWNS?
Dental crowns have many uses such as:-
  • To safeguard weak teeth from breaking
  • To hold the parts of cracked /chipped tooth
  • To support and cover the teeth which have a lot of filling and the teeth is hardly left.
  • To keep the dental bridges in place
  • To cover discoloured/ badly shaped teeth
  • To restore a broken tooth/ worn-down tooth
  • Crown covers a dental impl

 

WHAT TYPE OF CROWNS IS AVAILABLE?
Crowns are available in different materials such as:-

  • METALS In case of metal crowns fewer teeth is reduced, and reduction of adjacent teeth is minimum. Such crowns are very strong and do withstand chewing and biting pressure. Metal crowns do not crack or break. An alloy of gold, palladium, nickel is used in case of metal crowns. The only drawback of metal crowns is the colour. These crowns are best suited for out of sight teeth/molars.
  • FUSION OF PORCELAIN AND METALThese crowns can match the colour of the teeth. As compared to metal crowns, more wearing of teeth is required. The porcelain may break /crack. But such crowns look like natural teeth. Sometimes the metal placed under the crown is visible at the gum line, hence these crowns are suitable for back/ front teeth.
  • ALL RESINThese crowns are not so expensive but there are chances of wearing down over time.
  • ALL PORCELAIN/CERAMICThese crowns are best for the front teeth and suitable for people who are allergic to metal. Though not so strong matches the colour of the natural teeth.
  • TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CROWNSTemporary crowns are made in the dental clinic whereas the permanent crowns are specially made on orders in the laboratory. The material used for temporary crowns is stainless steel or acrylic. Temporary crowns can be used till the time the permanent crown is ready.

 

HOW LONG DOES THE CROWN LAST?
Dental crowns have a life of say 5 -15 years. One has to take extra care of the crown. Biting nails, opening packets, chewing hard things etc. are a few habits which have to be corrected. Moreover brushing teeth twice a day is a must and floss at least one time in a day.

 

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN ONE FACE WITH CROWNS?

  • Teeth may be sensitive to hot/cold after the effect of anaesthesia is over.
  • There can be irregular bites which result in pain. Such a problem occurs when the crown is placed too low/high.
  • Sometimes the cement under the crown gets washed away and the crown becomes loose.
  • Hence proper care should be taken and regular dental checkups are required to maintain a healthy dental structure.
 
Teeth Scaling
WHAT IS TEETH SCALING AND WHY IS IT REQUIRED?
Scaling is a treatment which cleans teeth by removing food particles (which are present in the teeth as well as the gums), tartar, external strains which are difficult to remove while brushing. Scaling is a regular procedure and it does not affect one’s teeth, in fact, it cleans teeth and maintains dental hygiene. No anaesthesia is required in this process. Calculus/tarter gets deposited between the teeth and the gums which causes tooth fall and unhealthy gums over a period of time. Hence scaling helps to maintain healthy teeth
 
WHAT IS CALCULUS/TARTER?
Plaque is a sticky, soft, colourless deposit of food particles and bacteria on the teeth. Such bacteria multiply very fast and lead to gum infection and bleeding of gums. Bacteria can be removed by brushing of teeth, but after11-14 hours of brushing these bacteria form calculus. Calculus cannot be removed by brushing and requires teeth scaling.
 
 
WHAT ARE THE MYTHS ABOUT TEETH SCALING?

People have some doubts/ negative view about scaling. There are certain myths such:-

  • The gap between the gums and the teeth increases
  • teeth become weak and shaky
  • teeth become sensitive

 

There are a few scientific reasons that go against these myths:-

  • Some feel that scaling results in a gap between teeth which is wrong, the gap can be seen because the tarter between the teeth gets cleaned up in scaling
  • Some feel that the teeth become shaky, but acc. to scientists the tarter has a negative impact on natural bonding/attachment of the teeth and the gums. The teeth which are already shaky are held by tarter and when scaling is done the teeth seems shaky.
  • When the tarter gets removed the area gets exposed which causes mild sensitivity, but that goes in1/2days.Hence the teeth become healthy after scaling.
 

WHAT INSTRUMENTS ARE USED FOR SCALING?
There are 2 types of instruments used i.e. handheld and ultrasonic instruments. Some dentists rely on personnel touch to identify tarter, plaque and rough spot, they use curette/dental scales to remove the plaque manually. Ultrasonic instruments have a metal tip that vibrates and chips off tarter, along with a water spray to wash away the tarter and keep the metal tip cool.
 

WHAT PROCEDURE IS ADOPTED FOR SCALING?
Scaling removes tarter/calculus that gets accumulated on the teeth by cleaning the teeth below and above the gum line. Various instruments are used for this purpose but mostly ultrasonic machine is used. It vibrates and has a fine tip which removes tarter from the surface of the teeth. This machine is completely safe and does not affect the tooth surface. After scaling the dentist will call you to see the improvement in the teeth. Dentist recommends cleaning of teeth after every 6 months.
 
 
HOW OFTEN IS SCALING REQUIRED?
One should visit the dentist after every six months; he can check the teeth and advise you if scaling is required or not. People who have dental plaque should go for scaling after every 6 months.
 
Sedation Dentistry
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SEDATION?
Sedation dentistry helps one to snooze virtually during the visits to the dental clinic. It helps to go through the entire dental procedure comfortably and safely.
 
 
WHO ARE THE BEST CANDIDATES OF SEDATION DENTISTRY?
  • People who gag
  • Have problem in getting numb
  • have fear of the dental treatment
  • who have sensitive teeth
  • who have experienced a traumatic dental procedure
  • Who hate shots and needle
  • Who do not like the smell, noise and taste of the dental treatment
 

DOES ONE EXPERIENCE ANY PAIN?
People feel very comfortable and no pain, while the dental treatment is going on and feel even better after the treatment, is over.
 
 
WHAT TYPE OF SEDATION IS USED?
General anaesthesia is one type of sedation which everyone thinks off, but this requires a machine for breathing. For oral surgeries, IV sedation is used. The most convenient, safe and comfortable is oral sedation. In this, a pill is given to the patient a few hours prior to the visit to the dental clinic.
 
 

WHAT ARE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SEDATION?

Mild Sedation in which one is conscious and responds to verbal command. Heart functioning and breathing are normal and unaffected. Coordination and cognitive functions can be impaired.

Moderate Sedation in which there is a depression of consciousness and the patient is forced to respond to the command. Breathing and functioning of the heart is not affected.

Deep Sedation in which patient cannot be easily aroused and there is the depression of consciousness. The patient responds purposefully. Breathing may be impaired, and heart functions normally. General Anesthesia in which there is a complete loss of consciousness and the patient cannot be aroused. Breathing is impaired and there is the need for a ventilator. Heart functioning can be impaired.

 

WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS?
Side effects such as hiccups and dryness of the mouth can be felt after the treatment is over. But if one does not experience such side effects, he will be completely unaware of sedation. Sedation is very beneficial for people who face problem in getting numb.
 
Pediatric Dentistry
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY?
Pediatric dentistry specializes in/takes care of the oral health of infant, children and adolescent. This dentistry also treats children with special needs, who are physically and mentally challenged. Pediatric dentistry involves the additional study of 3 years (i.e. after 4 years of dental training). This branch of dentistry studies child growth, psychology and development. Such dentists take care of a wide variety of dental problems of children e.g. cavity, tooth decay, malocclusion, emergency care, crooked teeth etc.
 
 
WHEN SHOULD A CHILD FIRST VISIT THE DENTIST?
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the child should be brought to the dentist when he turns 1 year old. By that time the first teeth come and the dentist can discuss ways of keeping oral hygiene. A dentist can guide the parents about diet, tooth eruption, finger habits, fluoride etc.
 

HOW MANY VISITS ARE RECOMMENDED?
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the child should be brought twice a year to the dental clinic. The visits may vary if the child has tooth decay, bad oral hygiene, and unusual teeth growth.
 

HOW IMPORTANT ARE BABY TEETH?
Baby teeth are not permanent but they are very important. They help the child to chew food, smile properly and speak clearly. Baby teeth hold the space for permanent teeth. If child loses teeth at an early age because of decay/ damage the nearby teeth can encroach that free space which can result in misplaced/crooked permanent teeth.
 
 
HOW TO CLEAN BABY TEETH?
For an infant, a soft cloth should be used to clean his/her gums after every feed. Once the child has one tooth a soft toothbrush can be used.
 

WHAT IS THE RIGHT TIME TO USE A TOOTHPASTE?
Once the child develops a few teeth, toothpaste can be used. Toothpaste with fluoride is not recommended for children below 2 years because children have a habit of swallowing paste and taking in excess of fluoride can cause staining of teeth. Parents should brush the teeth of their children until the time they do that independently. Children should rinse their mouth thou rally after brushin
 

WHAT IS A CAVITY?
There are bacteria present in the mouth when they come in contact with sweet food left in the mouth, they form acids. These acids attack the enamel and create a hole in the teeth which results in severe pain. Children eat sweets, chocolates and do not clean their teeth properly which results in cavity formation.
 

WHAT ARE DENTAL SEALANTS?
Sealants are the best way to avoid cavities. They cover the fissures and pits in the teeth. Sealants are susceptible to decays and are very difficult to brush off. Sealants are very effective and safe for children teeth, especially molars.
 
 

DOES SUCKING THUMB CAUSE ANY PROBLEM IN THE TEETH?
The child should stop sucking thumb before the eruption of permanent teeth. If this habit continues there will be problems such as buckteeth/open bite.
 
 
WHAT ARE POSITIVE DENTAL HABITS?
Keeping good oral hygiene is a family effort. The children should know the importance of brushing (twice a day) and floss daily. Moreover, regular dental checkups are also necessary for good oral health.
 
 
BRUSHING TECHNIQUES
HOW IMPORTANT IS BRUSHING?
Brushing is very important as it keeps our teeth and gums healthy. It helps to clean dirt between the gums and the teeth and also between two teeth. Brushing technique should be soft (to message the gums) and firm (to remove dirt). Brushing reduces the risk of infection and cavities making both teeth as well as gums strong.
 

WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF BRUSHING?

There are 2 common techniques of brushing i.e. bass and fone’s methods of brushing. Bass technique is used by adults and fone’s is for the children.

 

Bass technique is for routine use; in this, the brush is at 45 degrees to the long axis of the teeth. The bristles are used to clean the area between the gums and the teeth as well as between two teeth. After this brushing is done with front and back strokes along with vibratory action. Posterior and anterior strokes are used for the eating surface.

 

Fone’s technique is very effective for children. In this, the brush is placed at 90 degrees on the outer surface. The teeth are closed and rotary action of the brush helps to clean the teeth. This technique is easy to follow.


HOW FREQUENTLY SHOULD WE BRUSH THE TEETH?
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the child should be brought twice a year to the dental clinic. The visits may vary if the child has tooth decay, bad oral hygiene, and unusual teeth growth that is important is the quality of brushing rather than the number of times. But dentists recommend brushing twice a day, one time in the morning and second time at night before going to bed. Frequency of brushing depends on individual oral condition i.e. formation of plaque, gum diseases, caries risk etc..
 

WHAT TYPES OF BRUSHES ARE AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET?
There are 3 types of brushes. Soft brushes are for those who have sensitive gums. They can clean food particles but if the gap between the teeth is less, cleaning becomes difficult. Medium brushes are for those who have healthy gums and teeth. Hard brushes are cheap but have a negative effect on the teeth; they lead to tooth abrasion which exposes the root of the teeth making the teeth sensitive to hot/cold.
 
 
HOW IMPORTANT IS THE TOOTHPASTE IN BRUSHING?
Toothpaste contains fluoride which helps to fight plaque, polish teeth, reduces decay and gives a fresh breath. A good toothpaste fights acid attack when the acid is created by the bacteria present in the mouth.
 

DOES INCORRECT BRUSHING HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS?
Yes, there can be a number of problems such as tooth staining, gum bleeding and infection, gums get receded which in turn makes the teeth look big and the root of the teeth is exposed, bad breath, wearing of teeth, teeth become sensitive etc.
 
 
WHEN SHOULD A BRUSH BE CHANGED?
Normally a brush needs replacement after every 3 months. Moreover, brushes should be changed after the cold/flu. There are indicator brushes available in the market which have a blue colour in the centre when this colour fades the brush should be changed.
 

IS BRUSHING NEEDED FOR CHILDREN?
Child should start brushing from the time they have baby teeth. Parents should encourage their children to brush their teeth regularly. Children teeth are prone to cavities, brushing avoids this and maintains good oral hygiene.
 

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